![]() ![]() ![]() In a 2020 essay, Pamuk argues that Western observers like Defoe noted a strain of fatalism in the Muslim world view-the theological idea of “Every Man’s end being determined,” as Defoe put it. He’d been dreaming of such a project for decades: as a student of history and of the great European plague chronicles and novels-Defoe’s “ A Journal of a Plague Year,” Manzoni’s “ The Betrothed,” Camus’s “ The Plague”-he had a particular interest in the way that plagues have tended to get what we might now call “Orientalized.” Muslims, especially in the Ottoman Empire, have been portrayed as more resistant than Christians to the imposition of quarantine. ![]() Six years ago, the Turkish novelist Orhan Pamuk started writing a historical novel about the outbreak of bubonic plague on a fictional island. ![]()
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